What Does the 2026 Evidence Actually Quantify for BPC-157, TB-500, and GHK-Cu in Trained Adults — and Where Does the Chain Break?
For all three compounds, the evidence chain breaks at the species boundary. A 2026 UCLA scoping review of 565 studies across six unapproved peptides found that BPC-157, TB-500, and GHK-Cu have no completed human RCTs measuring body composition or athletic recovery as primary endpoints. Preclinical mechanisms are quantified; human performance outcomes are not.