Metabolic Nutrition

Yes — a 2026 isotope-tracer clinical study confirms that orally ingested lysine is catabolised to alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) within 30 minutes, peaking at roughly 2 hours post-ingestion. Lysine also stimulates a rise in unlabelled, endogenously produced 2-AAA — suggesting the amino acid load triggers a broader metabolic signal beyond simple catabolism, with documented links to beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

Yes — specific fermentable fibers, particularly resistant dextrins, inulin-type fructans, and mixed-linkage beta-glucans, reliably elevate postprandial GLP-1 by 20–40% above baseline in controlled trials, co-secreting PYY and reducing ad libitum energy intake by 5–10%. The effect is fiber-type dependent, dose-dependent, and mechanistically rooted in colonic SCFA production rather than direct mucosal contact.